書籍介紹
聯合國教科文組織所屬國際文化紀念物與歷史場所委員會(ICOMOS)荷蘭國家委員會與臺灣水利環境科技研究發展教育基金會(TIIWE)聯手於2019年5月27日至29日期間，在臺灣舉辦全球首屆「2019水文化國際研討會(2019 International Conference 'Water as Heritage')」，本局將研討會各主題投稿文件，進行蒐集及彙整，集結成冊出版英文版論文集，以推廣分享各國治水的文化與經驗。
目次
table of contents
foreword
exploring and inheriting the wisdom of water heritage i
heritage and water for a sustainable future iii
the significance of water heritage and the role of taiwan v
preface vi
introduction
introduction unlocking the wisdom of heritage for water challenges 2
part1 water heritage
conceptual approaches and cultrual dimensions
water in its context of ecologleal and socio cultural systems opportuities in
heritage policy, practice and research,from the ramsar convention to contemporary artists and beyond 20
unveiling venice's hidden waterways heritage from the digital and extended
water museum of venice to unesco's global nerwork of water museums 31
water wisdom for sustainable urbanization in asia 50
the role of women in suberranean waterscapes of india 65
rethinking the cultural ecology of river reconciling the state indigenous relations
a study in the tayal communities taiwan 82
dalieh el raouche the wildermess of beirut framing cultural ladseapes as waterscapes by an expert led community campaign in lebanon 106
protecting water and heritage based on the worldviews of south american
communities 124
part2-living water heritage sustainable technologies
hidden gem in hakka tongharm for taiwan water management 136
spate irrigation a heritage of human ingenuity in the face of resource scarcity
and uncertainty 149
2300years of water heritage in dujiangyan china 163
foggara as a model of knowledge and wisdom in water management of arid
fegions through the centuries 173
technological management of water and wastewater in ancient greece as an
example of implementation in the context of present day sustainable management 182
waterways of gouda past present and future 195
watermills inspiring heritage with the power of water 207
part3-singigicance of water heritage
re-activation strategies
waterscape biographies the bridge connecting water heritage water management
and spatial planning 222
one water multiple landside interventions understanding the nerworked heritage
of por and waterfront 240
a guide to the heritagee and restoration of streams dealing with unprotected
historical and water rich landscapes in changing times in the netherlands 263
waterscape as a cultural heritage structural element the cantarranas river of the
atlixco valley mexico 275
how can the massive reuse of shanghai's former industrial waterfronts become
more than a city branding strategy and reconnect the city with the water? 290
the cultural history of hydropower in taiwan 306
integrating water into heritage conservation cheng mei ancesral hall second
babal irrigation canal and yongjing 319
appendix author biographies 343
序言／導讀
Exploring and inheriting the wisdom of water heritage
Some of the large world organizations such as the UNESCO have taken
the initiatives on the fight against climate change due to the severe
impact it has caused to all lives on Earth. A possible solution is to look
for answers in human history and to learn from ancient wisdom of water
culture and heritage. This is also globally recognized as an important
strategy in response to climate change while preserving world heritage.
Taiwan is a vertically long and horizontally narrowed island. It is divided
into east and west by the Central Mountain Range that runs from the
north of the island to the south with altitudes of more than 3,000 meters.
Although the island has many lakes and rivers, its geography has made
water storage uneasy as water flows rapidly in many areas. In addition
to the characteristics of the Tropic of Cancer that passes through the
southern part of the island and the amount of rain that accumulates during
typhoon seasons, Taiwan inherits diverse water culture and heritage
due to these natural challenges. Taiwan is experienced in flood control,
water management, water conservation and utilization as a result of its
geographic location, landscape and climate.
In 2019, Taiwan International Institute for Water Education (TIIWE)
in corporation with International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS) Netherlands held the “2019 International Conference – Water
as Heritage”. More than 300 experts and scholars from 27 national and/
or international organizations joined and participated in the conference.
The event broadens the horizon on water management and conservation,
irrigation and drainage, hydroelectricity, and port management. It also
opens up more room for exploration and discussion on these issues.
The Earth is now encountering serious climate challenges that require
the cooperation and coordination of everyone who lives here for better
management of water resources, in which Taiwan would be honored to play a role in.
The publication of the articles presented in the “2019 International
Conference – Water as Heritage” is part of Taiwan’s effort on contributing
to the fght against climate change. This book, “Water Heritage – Global
Perspectives for Sustainable Development”, is published in both English
and Chinese to meet the needs of more readers with the hope to raise more
awareness on the importance of water heritage for people today and for the
future. It is time to call for the world’s attention to cherish and preserve
the surrounding water heritage, and make water a durable resource for the
sustainable development of mankind.
Gwo-Long Shy
Director-general
Bureau of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture
Heritage and water for a sustainable future
Even on quiet nights, you could hear its panting, ‘the unsettling grumble
of a restless beast’. But on particularly tumultuous nights, when the wind
would slam the window shutters shut and sandbags needed to be piled
up high against the houses, you could actually hear its howl, the sound
of sharpening claws while he was licking the foam off of the roaring
waves. It was ready, waiting to attack, willing and capable to drag along
everyone and everything it would encounter on its raid. This monster,
the ‘Water Wolf’, had made many victims—especially from the villages
of Vijfhuizen, Nieuwerkerk, and Rietwerk, all swallowed by its waves.
‘Enough!’ said the Dutch, and armed with shovels and determination, we
started reclaiming this land from the sea. Pulling our lands straight out of
the sharp claws and teeth of the Water Wolf threatening our existence.
The Dutch were not unfamiliar with the art of turning water into land.
Poldering our waters to safeguard it from floods, to create place and
space for agriculture, cities, and recreation is an all-time Dutch way of
life. Safety and quality were best met with this collaborative approach,
where farmers, politicians, tradespeople, and others joined forces with the
engineers and designers to defend, plan and develop ‘new land’. In the
Haarlemmermeer, our plans outsmarted our engineering, our windmills
proved not to be fast enough to implement our designs and fght off the
hungry Water Wolf: we imported steam engines from the UK to speed up
the pumping of the water. The steam engines of Cruquius, Lynden, and
Leeghwater in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer are true examples
of the need for innovation, coupled with partnership and (international)
collaboration to safeguard and develop our land and livelihood. Until this
day, the battle against the Water Wolf continues to be an inspiration for
how to live with water, how working together brings out the best in us, and
how we always have to adapt to overcome our water-related challenges.
We always need to stand ready and be prepared: the future continues to
hold challenges across the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that
can only be met in a holistic, future-oriented and inclusive way.
Innovation alone is not enough: cooperation, inclusiveness, keeping
everyone’s interest at heart, are critically important too. That is what the
iv
Dutch word ‘polderen’ means. A polder is the word for low-lying land
reclaimed from the sea; the verb ‘to polder’, or in Dutch ‘polderen’ now
stands for the way the Netherlands operates politically and as a society—
by collaboration, participation, inclusion, and deliberation. Water has that
critical capacity to unite, to bring together all values of society, to bring us
together as a society, to inspire us to learn from the past, and to prepare for
a common future.
These lessons are more important now than ever. The future is rapidly
changing, with the complexity of water and climate challenges increasing
every day. The current COVID-19 crisis exposes all our weak spots and
vulnerabilities in a way unprecedented in our lifetime. Countries and
marginalized groups that have always been more vulnerable to climate
change now face the biggest challenge of all: How to invest in fghting this
crisis, in fast responses and in resilient recovery while at the same time
continuing to mitigate against climate change and invest in water security,
in resilience and preparedness? This is not easy, but then again it is our
only way—an inclusive and fully comprehensive approach integrating
everything and everyone in order to build a just, sustainable, and resilient
society. Now more important than ever, we have to act and reach out to all
concerned. Reinventing the past helps us shape this better future, realize
the sustainable development goals, and fulfil the ambitions of the Paris
Agreement. But this cannot be done in siloed responses or by only reacting
to past disasters—we must be proactive, innovative, using an integrated
approach, and radically include everyone. If anything, the battle against
the Water Wolf has taught us the following: together we are stronger, and
in partnership and by deliberation and innovation we can re-shape the
future. Now!
Henk Ovink
Special Envoy for International Water Affairs, Kingdom of The
Netherlands Sherpa to the UN/WB High Level Panel on Water
The significance of water heritage and the role of
Taiwan
Since its reclamation, Taiwan has undergone many major changes in a
relatively short period of time. “Water” had to be the frst thing to consider
for early immigrants who came to this island. The trajectory of human’s
social development is to be found along water. Taiwan’s water system still
reveals the footprint of some of our ancestors. The way patterns of water
change demonstrate Taiwan’s landscape biography. How water has been
used and managed shows the wisdom and spirit of our ancestors for their
survival. Some of these values do not fade over time. The understanding
of Taiwan’s water heritage is one great way of understanding Taiwan and
ourselves. And this is what makes the local cultural heritage unique.
In recent years, the international water community and/or agency show
increasing attention on water heritage, and the United Nations has put
forward global initiatives for international organizations to act upon.
Taiwan has an active role in this, as the frst international conference, the
“2019 International Conference ‘Water as Heritage’” was held in Taiwan,
where experts and opinion leaders from various countries prepared for the
establishment of the International Science Committee (ISC) on “Water
and Heritage”. Professionals and experts around the world share the same
vision: to actively promote water heritage. Taiwan keeps pace with the
world and will continue to work towards this goal with all.
This book is a collective of the spirit and wisdom of human beings on
water in history. It is an integration of the opinions of international leaders
on water and heritage, and the outcome of Taiwan’s participation in this
global action. Water heritage is a universal experience and a common
language shared by everyone in this world. How Taiwan is able to share
some of its solutions proves the commonality of water heritage for all.
Please enjoy this book. I believe it offers some insight into water heritage.
Our continued participation in this topic connects us with our ancestoy
This book brings together key contributions from the Water as Heritage
International Conference held in May 2019 in Chiayi, Taiwan. The
conference reflects the intensive cooperation between the Taiwan
International Institute for Water Education (TIIWE), the International
Council for Monuments and Sites Netherlands (ICOMOS NL), and the
Leiden-Delft-Erasmus Centre for Global Heritage and Development
(CGHD). Its aim was to emphasise the importance of water heritage
and to make the associated experience and knowledge available for
sustainable development. It still pursues that aim. To this end, it built
bridges from heritage organisations to water professionals, planners,
and policymakers, as well as to organisations that are essential for these
areas. Representatives from all regions of the world came together to
discuss how best to communicate and exploit the signifcant contribution
that water heritage can make in meeting upcoming water challenges.
In this sense, the publication is a documentation of some of the diverse
and global perspectives on the water heritage presented in Chiayi. It
combines scientific contributions with field reports, historical analyses,
and indigenous views. Its aim is to provide case studies and application
areas; it also aims to raise awareness that historical technologies and
practices combined with current knowledge and technology can contribute
to sustainable development. Thus, the publication is a further component
of the Water and Heritage initiative—it was initiated by ICOMOS NL
and supported by other organisations; its next milestone to establish the
ICOMOS International Scientifc Committee for Water Heritage.
Both the conference and the present publication are the products of
intensive, multidisciplinary, and international cooperation. In this sense,
the decisive contributions and the indispensable commitment of Henk
van Schaik (ICOMOS NL) and Sinite Yu (TIIWE) should be mentioned
first and foremost. It is thanks to their vision and drive that both the
conferences came about and the ongoing cooperation in the field of
water heritage could take place. Special gratitude goes to Gwo-Long Shy
and the Bureau of Cultural Heritage, the Ministry of Culture of Taiwan,
and Martien Beek for the financial support from the Dutch Ministry of
Infrastructure and Water Management. Particularly noteworthy is the
valuable sponsorship provided by Water Resources Agency, Ministry of
Economic Affairs; Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the
Interior; Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, Council of Agriculture,
Executive Yuan; Tinghsin Hode Culture & Education Foundation;
vi
Preface
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan); Taiwan Water
Corporation; Taiwan Power Company; CPC Corporation, Taiwan; Chiayi
City Government; Water Resources Bureau of Taichung City Government;
and the Water Resources Bureau of Kaohsiung City Government.
The jointly organised conference was strongly supported by the Ministry
of Culture of Taiwan; the Dutch special envoy for International Water
Affairs, Henk Ovink; National Taiwan University Prof. Hong-Yuan Lee;
Netherlands Trade & Investment Office; National Museum of Taiwan
History; Chinese Taipei Committee / ICID; Northern Region Water
Resources Offce, Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs;
Water Resources Planning Institute, Water Resources Agency, Ministry
of Economic Affairs; and the Chinese Ocean & Underwater Technology
Association.
Furthermore, special thanks go to the cooperation partners: Willy Event
Consultants Co., Ltd, PCO; Nice Prince Hotel; Maison de Chine Hotel
Chiayi; Hotel Day Plus Teascape; CPC Human Resources Department
Training Institute; Mr Ronald Li; Prof. Rémi Wang / National Taipei
University of Technology; Prof. Hsiao-wei Lin / Chung Yuan Christian
University; Prof. Li Beng Chun / Huafan University; and the Nanhua
University Goodwill Ambassador.
The conference programme was developed through cooperation between
Henk van Schaik, Sinite Yu, Tino Mager, John Peterson (ICOMOS USA /
International Scientific Committee on Archaeological Heritage), Steve
Brown (ICOMOS Australia / International Scientific Committee on
Cultural Landscapes, International Federation of Landscape Architects),
Sahdev Singh (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage),
Hsiao-Wei Lin (The International Committee for the Conservation of
the Industrial Heritage), Sergio Ribeiro (International Centre on Water
and Transdisciplinarity) and Rohit Jigyasu (ICOMOS / International
Scientific Committee on Risk Preparedness). The implementation of the
interdisciplinary panels was further supported by Ioannis Kalavrouziotis
(International Water Association), Giuseppina Irine Curulli (The
International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage),
Nupur Prothi Khanna (ICOMOS India), and Hee Sook Lee-Niinioja
(ICOMOS International Committee on Intangible Cultural Heritage).
vii
In addition, a large number of people have made signifcant contributions
to the Water and Heritage Initiative, the organisation of the conference and
the publication of books. Among them are Diederik Six (ICOMOS NL),
Dave Pritchard (Culture Network of the Ramsar Convention), Eriberto
Eulisse (Global Network of Water Museums), Carola Hein (TU Delft). For
the work on the creation of the ICOMOS ISC Water and Cultural Heritage,
special support was provided by Sheridan Burke (ICOMOS Australia /
Twentieth Century Heritage International Scientific Committee), Ian
Travers (ICOMSO Australia), Meisha Hunter (Li/Saltzman Architects),
Nils Ahlberg (ICOMOS Sweden), Piotr Lorens (Gdansk University of
Technology), Taha Ansari (National Agency of Hydraulics Resources,
Algeria). Finally, I would like to thank the Bureau of Cultural Heritage for
the possibility of publication and especially Amanda Lu (TIIWE) for their
excellent cooperation in the production of this book.
Delft, June 2020
Tino Mager
Delft University of Technology / University of Groningen
ICOMOS Germany
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