書籍介紹
科學是什麼？
本書從形上學的取向來提出答案。
作者將「科學是什麼」理解為一個存有學上的問題，即從天性的「是」和同一性的「是」來分析「是」這個概念的意義。又從具主體性意味的「科學的目的」來提出回答，論證「科學的根本且首要的目的」是「科學探索」，而不是許多科學哲學家主張的「科學說明」，並進一步把「科學探索」定徵為「探索實在世界種種存有的對象」。所謂的「存有對象」是各種存有範疇，包括物項／實體（又分成個體和種類）、特徵／狀態、關係、活動／作用／互動／交互作用、性能／功能、空間、時間、系統、結構、機制、事件和規律，作者透過大量實例論證，科學確實而且應該探索這些存有範疇。
本書所提出的超越現象的科學形上學理論，是對應當代科技社會中的科學而建立起來的，這十分配合我們今天的科學，也提供我們一幅通用的科學形象。
目次
自 序 ···························································································· iii
第一章 導論：探索世界、反思科學 ···································· 1
壹、我們要往哪裡走？ ······························································ 1
貳、一幅科學與世界的通用形象 ············································ 6
參、從形上學之路走向「科學是什麼」 ····························· 10
肆、什麼是形上學？ ································································ 14
一、「形上學」（metaphysics）一詞和存有（being）·15
二、形上學和語言 ··································································· 17
三、存有論、存有範疇和範疇架構 ····································· 20
伍、這趟旅程的風光：本書的內容 ······································ 23
第二章 科學是什麼？或者，怎樣才算是科學？ ············ 29
壹、科學是什麼？從單一本性到家族相似 ························· 31
貳、科學的原型是什麼？或者，如何使用「科學」這個詞？ ····· 40
參、科學性的歷史判準：一個回答「科學是什麼」的假說 ············· 48
肆、從行為分類界定科學：科學與技術／科技的區分 ····· 52
第三章 科學的目的應該是什麼？科學探索 ··········· 59
壹、有科學的目的嗎？或者，科學的目的應該是什麼？ ·· 61
貳、什麼是科學探索？ ······························································ 65
參、為什麼科學探索應該比說明更優先？ ··························· 74
肆、表達科學目標對象的語言和概念····································· 82
一、實在與實在性 ······································································ 82
二、準實在與準虛構 ································································· 85
三、表像、表徵與實在 ····························································· 88
四、真、真相與真理 ································································· 91
第四章 科學探索的對象是什麼？
（一）元素存有範疇 ································································· 97
壹、實在世界如何展現？世界觀的演變 ···························· 101
貳、實在世界的構成：存有範疇 ········································· 105
參、元素範疇一：物項、個體、種類 ································ 109
肆、元素範疇二：活動／互動／交互作用 ······················· 113
伍、元素範疇三：關係 ·························································· 115
陸、元素範疇四：特徵／狀態 ············································· 117
柒、元素範疇五：內在性質／性能／功能 ······················· 120
捌、元素範疇六：空間與時間 ············································· 124
玖、存有範疇的語言表達 ····················································· 133
第五章 科學探索的對象是什麼？
（二）複合存有範疇 ····························································· 137
壹、複合範疇一：系統 ························································ 141
一、理論系統與實存系統 ···················································· 142
二、構成一個實存系統的條件 ··········································· 146
三、系統的生成、變化與消滅 ··········································· 149
貳、複合範疇二：機制 ························································ 153
一、「機制」的定義 ···························································· 154
二、機制的構成、擾動與崩解 ··········································· 158
三、社會機制與目的論 ························································ 163
參、複合範疇三：結構 ························································ 165
一、「結構」的定義 ···························································· 167
二、實存結構與自然結構 ··················································· 168
三、結構的生成、變化與破壞 ·········································· 172
四、心智系統假設：心智的結構、機制與系統 ············ 174
肆、複合範疇四：事件、規律與其他範疇的相關性···· 185
一、事件與規律 ····································································· 185
二、規律與性能／功能、機制和結構 ······························ 188
第六章 結論：在科技社會中的科學探索 ······················ 193
附錄一 subject 和 object 的多重意義 ·························· 203
附錄二 占星學的巫術性與科學性 ··································· 209
附錄三 論日常生活中的真相與事實 ······························· 219
附錄四 分析形上學對於「性質」（property）的分析 · 229
徵引文獻 ··················································································· 235
索 引 ·························································································· 249
編／著／譯者簡介
國立中正大學哲學系講座教授。曾獲「國科會傑出研究獎」、「中央研究院年輕學者著作獎」、「科技部傑出研究獎」等獎項。專長為科學哲學、自然哲學與科學史、科技與社會研究，相關研究七十餘篇，發表於國內外學術期刊。著有《人類怎樣質問大自然：西方自然哲學與科學史，從古代到文藝復興》（2020）、《科學哲學：假設的推理》（2017）、《認知與評價：科學理論與實驗的動力學》（2012）、《科學哲學：理論與歷史》（2010）、《科幻世界的哲學凝視》（2006）、《科學理論版本的結構與發展》（2004）等書。合編著作有Individuation, Process, and Scientific Practice（2018）。
分類
其他詳細資訊
- 適用對象：成人(學術性)
- 關鍵詞：現象，科學，形上學
- 附件：無附件
- 頁/張/片數：272
授權資訊
- 著作財產權管理機關或擁有者：國立臺灣大學出版中心
- 取得授權資訊：聯絡處室：國立臺灣大學出版中心
姓名：郭千綾
電話：02-33669981
地址：台北市羅斯福路四段1號